Development of space cabin tolerance criteria to trace contaminants.
نویسندگان
چکیده
F R O M the very inception of contemplated space flight, the Air Force has been vitally interested in research directed toward provision of a safe and habitable environment under the hostile conditions of space. The idea of safely sustaining man in a closed system for relatively long periods of time is not particularly new or unique. The Navy has been confronted with this problem for many years and has performed many successful missions requiring prolonged periods of submergence in the nuclear powered submarine. Approximately 40 years of research effort have been necessary to attain the underwater capabilities of today's submarine with regard to atmospheric control. Fortunately, the experience and data compi led on submarine habitability problems have direct application to space cabin function. One soon realizes, however, that although the problems are essentially alike in the two systems, environmental control problems in space craft will be greatly accentuated by both the external and internal environments of the vehicle. Just as with the submarine, one can anticipate that short, manned space missions from one to 14 days will present no major difficulties with regard to trace concentrations of toxic contaminants. The major toxicity hazard would only be of an acute nature such as in the case of a leaky refrigeration system, an accidental spill of some noxious material, or complete failure of the air filtering system. In most cases, the astronauts could protect themselves with closed circuit breathing of oxygen and, if necessary, abort the mission. The cardinal problems, then, appear to be associated with missions of
منابع مشابه
Feasibility investigations of electrostatic precipitation for the removal of gaseous trace contaminants from manned cabin atmospheres. AMRL-TR-68-111.
متن کامل
Octafluoropropane Concentration Dynamics On Board the International Space Station
Since activating the International Space Station’s ( IS9 Service Module in November 2000, archival air quality samples have shown highly variable concentrations of octafluoropropane in the cabin. This variability has been directly linked to leakage from air conditioning systems on board the Service Module, Zvezda. While octafluoropropane is not highly toxic, it presents a significant challenge ...
متن کاملFeasibility of removing gaseous contaminants from manned space-cabin atmospheres by ionic processes. AMRL-TR-66-22.
The application of ionic processes to the purification of manned space-cabin atmospheres was investigated in anticipation of a need for a radically new atmospheric purification system for some of the presently scheduled space jaurneys. Processes considered are (1) ion-molecule reactions of contaminant mulecules with specific added molecule ions (O0, 0) and (2) clustering of contaminant molecule...
متن کاملGenetic Toxicity S_'jdies of Organic Chemicals Found as Contaminants in Spacecraft Cabin Atmospheres
GENETIC TOXICITY S_'JDIES OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS FOUND AS CONTAMINANTS IN SPACECRAFT CABIN ATMOSPHERES Joseph Torres Jr., Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Biological Sciences Southeastern Louisiana University ABSTRACT Astronauts can be exposed during spaceflight to organic chemical contaminants in the spacecraft cabin atmosphere. Toxic exposures may cause lesions in the cellular DNA which ...
متن کاملA one-dimensional analytical model for airborne contaminant transport in airliner cabins.
UNLABELLED Quick information on airborne infectious disease transmission in airliner cabins is essential to reduce the risk of infection of passengers and crew members. This investigation proposed a one-dimensional analytical model that can predict the longitudinal transmission of airborne contaminants or disease viruses inside an airliner cabin. The model considered both diffusive and convecti...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Aerospace medicine
دوره 33 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1962